The mover is therefore a qualified professional figure that carries out and coordinates all the operations needed to render a moving service. A moving operator, in the performance of its specialized activity, operates as road hauler on behalf of third parties, or in the role of shipper. Movers are distinguished and qualified by the following modes of operation:

1. the mover does not only operate from road level to road level, but acts in settings under public and private law, such as sidewalks, condominium common areas, corporate headquarters, private dwellings, etc., with the consequent activation of specific obligations, risks, and responsibilities;
2. the mover does not receive the objects to be moved already suitably packed and classified with regard to the various regulations in force, but sees to packing the furniture (and, when necessary, to disassembling and reassembling it), equipment, and documentation to be moved, and handles same within the buildings; the mover must also apply, competently and in compliance with regulations, the operating procedures established by the circulation of special goods and of cultural assets.

For all the activities defined, described, and regulated by articles 1683 and following of the civil code, the mover must be entered in the registry of road haulers for third parties (Albo autotrasportatori per conto di terzi) established at the provincial offices. For national/international moving over land, by truck, the mover must also possess the following requirements:

• a) Certificate of professional qualification for national/international road haulage (using trucks weighing more than 1500 kg);
• b) European Economic Community Licence for international road haulage for third parties. Transport to other non-EC countries is done under the SEE or CEMT convention.

For all other activities, such as for example that of international sea or air transport, with regard to the execution of the single mandate, activities defined, described, and regulated by articles 1737 and following of the civil code, the mover possessing the established requirements must be registered as a shipper with the Chamber of Commerce to which its facility belongs; the Chamber of Commerce certificate must indicate the date of the shipper’s start of activity. The requirement established for rendering the moving service (national/international) are therefore:

• Registration with the Chamber of Commerce
• Entry in the registry of road haulers for third parties.
• Entry of the moving business in the company’s corporate purpose.
• Entry of the start of the company’s activity in the company’s activities.
• Entry, in the activities performed at the legal office, of: ROAD HAULAGE FOR THIRD PARTIES, ATECORI code 49; Certificate of registration with REN;
• Certificate of professional qualification for national/international road haulage (for trucks weighing more than 1500 kg). MOVING SERVICES ATECORI code 49.42.00: moving services for companies or branches, done by road haulage, including furniture assembly and reassembly operations.
• EC license for road transport in an EC setting, related authorizations
• Compliance with SEE and CEMT regulations for transport in countries that have adopted those agreements.
• Entry, in the activities performed at the legal office, of: SHIPMENT; SHIPPING ACTIVITIES, ATECORI code 52.29.1

In our society, offices, professional offices, and entire productive and administrative bodies move, with all their furniture, documents, electronic equipment, and apparatus.

Family units and individuals also need to bring with them, when changing residence, their furniture, books and documents, household goods, audiovisual reproduction and communication equipment – all accessories that are extensions and an integral part of the person. The mover must know how to move refrigerators, washing machines, and pianos; he or she must know how to handle safes, heavy equipment, and data processing centres;

he or she must know how to treat fragile objects and works of art. Even today, the mover is ideally a strong carter, who has also become a skilled artisan that has learned through experience how to use increasingly complex and sophisticated operating prostheses. Essentially, the activity of the mover, both national and international, today requires a high degree of technical professionalism and a vast, well-informed knowledge of regulations.

The move is thus a significant episode in the individual life of a person or of a family unit, and an event of economic and logistical importance for any professional, productive, or commercial activity. The mover carries out an activity that is private, but of public utility. In his or her professional work, the mover renders numerous services of various kinds. It is thus necessary to precisely characterize the move and the parties involved in it, and describe some of its operational figures and performance. Let us describe the main operations provided for by a moving service.

Technical on-the-spot inspection to assess the quantity of material to be moved (furniture, furnishings, fragile objects, artworks, etc.), applying the parameter of the cubic metre, and reconnaissance of the locations involved (car parks, paths inside and outside the building), and the customer’s particular needs are surveyed. As regards the packing material, the quantity of its use is calculated.

Other important factors are the disassembly and reassembly operations to be performed; the amount and type of fragile and delicate objects, and of any artworks or objects of value; the presence of pianos or of other musical instruments or of heavy pieces, such as safes or plants, for example. Of relevance with respect to locations are accessibility of roads, the features and usability of car parks, of the paths inside and outside the building the distances to be covered in handling the material, the possibility of using lifts, elevators, or the need to employ elevating platforms (stair lifts) or other handling machines (e.g.: sideshifters, robot climbers, cranes, etc.).

Moreover, the customer’s needs and strategies related to the move are registered, with reference to operating times and logistical modes, to be reconciled with any condominium rules or with special road circulation or urban police regulations. The assessment of the operator’s costs is based on the volume of the material to be moved and on the requested services, and is calculated mainly on the basis of the number of persons to be used in the move (work days). Consideration is also made of the quantity and type of packing material used, the use of technical equipment, and the use of one or more vehicles (with regard to operating conditions, work times, and distances). At times, under a contract established with a general customer (private or public body, company, organization, etc.) that takes on the move with regard to transferring its own employees or administered parties, and users of the service, the services are established and described in a contract specification. In this case as well, the performance of an on-the-spot inspection is functional to the proper organization of the service and to its success.

When the domicile of origin of the move is far from the mover’s main office and from any branches, the on-the-spot inspection, like any of the other moving operations described below, may be entrusted to an agent of the mover. And when, for a justified reason, the on-the-spot inspection is physically impossible to carry out, the customer is required to provide a detailed description of the material to be moved, and of the operative, logistical, and regulatory conditions under which the move is to be done. With regard to safety, the technician performing the on-the-spot inspection makes a careful reconnaissance of the locations of the paths to be followed and, if he or she deems it necessary, draws up a report registering each datum, every technical consideration, and every recommendation of use for a safe and proper performance of the service. Based on the relationship, detailed instructions are transmitted to the team that will be carrying out the moving work, making the team leader responsible therefor.

Describing the planned service, based on the findings of the on-the-spot inspection, and with the corresponding economic request. The estimate specifies the terms of the insurance coverage. The customer signs the estimate for acceptance.

 When this estimate is sufficiently detailed, it can function as an agreement for the moving procedures. This code recommends, and indicates as necessary in the case of international moves, the execution of a contract with a single mandate.

Starting on the date of publication at Unioncamere of the model moving contracts, the movers that have adopted this code of conduct shall undertake to adopt them and apply them accurately.

Supply of specialized personnel, packing material, technical equipment, and vehicles needed for the move.

The personnel employed in a moving service is selected, is trained, and over time is specialized for packing, for disassembly and reassembly of what so requires, for handling, for stowing the material to be used in the vehicle or in the container equipped for the move;

the personnel has suitable apparel with regard to the safety regulations in force and for uniform appearance and personal decorum.

The packing material is selected for use in moving:

• cardboard boxes of suitable resistance are used, with specific features and sizes for possible stacking and optimal stowability;
• multi-layer bubble wrap or similar materials;
• adhesive tapes;
• crates and cages in wood and other special materials, when necessary.

The technical equipment consists of

• hand trucks,
• hydraulic trailers,
• equipment for manual use,
• technical warehouse apparatus.

Moving vehicles are vans with technical characteristics enabling them for the particular use; in international moves, wooden or metal containers responding to international technical specifications are also used, and are in turn transported with suitable means by land, sea, and air.

More precisely, moves by air use cardboard boxes meeting I.A.T.A. specifications, and pallets or shaped containers in aluminium, provided at the request of the airlines.

Procedure for obtaining the necessary authorizations.

With regard to the authorization for occupation of public property, each city has a specific municipal regulation, which is usually flexible and inexpensive.

In some cities, such as Rome for example, the procedure is particular complicated and economically burdensome. The burden for the request is borne by the customer.

The mover provides the data for which it is responsible (types, number plates, and size of the vehicles used, operating times) and may, upon receiving the compensation established in the moving contract, take on the management of the procedure.

Moving preparation operations involving the boxing of furnishings and of the content of furniture and of personal effects in general; protection and dismantling of all the furniture that so requires.

These operations use various special materials, such as

• bubble wrap (multi-layer, in paper and plastic with air bubbles), or similar materials, in sheets and rolls,
• cardboard boxes (multi-layer, with features suitable for permitting stacking and resisting any possible warping) of various sizes and conformations,
• adhesive tape in rolls, wooden crates or cages, where applicable, and other special materials.

When necessary (every time in the event of international move), an operative inventory is drawn up, which, upon the preparation being done, records the progressive number, a summary description of the content of lot, the physical state and the wear of the objects to be moved.

Another inventory for insurance purposes must be drawn up by the customer and transmitted to the insurance company.

Handling of material to be moved through landings, lifts, or elevators, stairways, and passageways of the building and the exterior paths, up to parking place of the truck (or trucks), or of the sea container, equipped for the move;

in some cases, an exterior hoisting platform is used for the move, which makes it possible to transfer the material to be used from a balcony or a window of the dwelling to road level.

For the safe and proper handling of the material to be used, personnel is specifically trained and given the equipment, gear, and safety supports needed.

Many details in this regard are contained in the sections on the technical equipment used in the moving service.

Loading and stowing on trucks suitable for the move (trucks with special fittings in the floor and interior panels), or in the sea or air containers.

Stowing is one of the most delicate operations, and is entrusted to a specialized professional figure. In general, critical elements of good stowage are composition, load density, and weight distribution.

With regard to a move, these factors are even fittings in the floor and interior panels), or in the sea or air containers.

Stowing is one of the most delicate operations, and is entrusted to a specialized professional figure. In general, critical elements of good stowage are composition, load density, and weight distribution.

With regard to a move, these factors are still more problematic, due also to the presence of delicate furniture (for example, end tables with narrow legs, sofas and armchairs in leather or precious fabrics), or the presence of plants, which “disturb” the load’s proper distribution and arrangement.

Plants in particular, especially if large in size, necessitate gradually diminishing the level of stowage, taking up far more space than that corresponding to their actual physical size. It is often more functional to use a truck dedicated only to the plants; plants also introduce urgency in transport as well as specific regulatory and customs issues.

Transport from the place of origin to the place of destination of the material to be moved.

When it is an international sea or air move, and also by road in a non-EU setting, the mover operates as shipper.

In order to operate in the professional quality of shipper, the mover must obtain insertion thereof, by presenting the specific requirements, among the activities performed at the main office, with the corresponding start date. As shipper, the mover entrusts the transport, on the customer’s behalf, to land, sea, or air carriers; through the intervention of specialized operators, the mover sees to handling in port or airport environments and to customs operations, when provided for, for both importing and exporting; the mover acts as performer of a single mandate, carrying out some functions through a network of reliable and accredited correspondents;

the mover keeps the goods on deposit when and for the time necessary.

Unloading, handling, and placing the moved material in the customer’s new domicile, done following the same procedures described above for similar operations at the origin.

Logistical integration, or the entire service in the case of an international move by sea and air abroad, are entrusted to the mover’s agents. Insurance of moved goods.

Similarly to what was provided for in the transport activity, the moving operator would bear, in accordance with the regulations, carrier liability alone, but as the move is a complex and articulated activity, the customer is usually offered a “domicile-to-domicile” insurance coverage for moving by land, and an “all risks” coverage for moves by sea and air.

The mover also, on its own or at the specific requirement of the contracts specifications, activates coverage for the risks related to civil liability (third party liability/employee liability), for any damage to persons, things, animals, plants, and building structures, in the working areas engaged by the moving operations, and to determine greater guarantees for workers engaged in the service itself.

Informing and training personnel are aspects of particular importance in the mover’s activity, especially as regards the most recent regulations indicated below.

All aspects of

• safety,
• medical examinations,
• training courses,
• attention to proper procedures,
• continuous monitoring of compliance in apparel and the regular use of all the established and required supports,
• constant updating on regulations for all workers in the organization,

are seen to and complied with overall and in detail.

The enterprises that adopt this Code of conduct perform continuous and careful training and information for all that regards occupational safety.

In implementation of art. 1 of law no. 123 of 03 August 2007, in the matter of protecting health and safety at places of work, on 09 April 2008 the Consolidation Act for safety, Legislative Decree no. 81 of 09 April 2008, was published.

From the business standpoint, the subjects of relevance are contained in article 16, paragraph 3; article 28, paragraph 2, letter d; and article 30, paragraph 5.

The themes of greatest importance and most highly critical are the Implementation mandate, Supervision and the organization and management model, the risk assessment document (“DVR,” the Document pursuant to art. 17, paragraph 1, letter a) of Legislative Decree no. 81/2008) and the general occupational safety plan (Piano Generale per la sicurezza nel lavoro – PGSL), especially as regards procedures, roles, responsibilities, and powers.

Special attention, with regard to our specific activity as movers, is to be given to the problems of work outdoors. Legislative Decree no. 81 of 09 April 2008 is to be considered along with the subsequent modifications and supplements contained in Legislative Decree no. 106 of 03 August 2009, republished with notes in Ordinary Supplement no. 177, Gazzetta Ufficiale no. 226 of 29 September 2009.

Special attention is to be given to the Attachments, which, with regard to the actual working practises with particular reference to the use of machinery and equipment, establish the proper procedures for achieving occupational safety.

The mover enters customers’ homes or offices. In addition to being a professional, he or she must of course be a fully reliable person and decorous in appearance, and operate in an organization in which the same characteristics are shared by all its members.

The use of uniforms is not indispensible, but it helps obtain people’s uniformity and a distinct and recognizable appearance. They are elements of particular use when moving in places frequented by many people, especially in the case of the transfer of large businesses, when employees, technicians of various kinds, supervisors, and other operators are moving in the same working environments.

• practicality,
• toughness,
• protection, and the need to continually change environments, also between the inside and outside of buildings, when handling and loading.

Some elements of the clothing are also important personal safety supports:

• crush-proof footwear,
• gloves,
• helmets,
• filtration masks for breathing in dusty environments,
• and other useful protective accessories.

The training and periodic updating of personnel must provide all the instructions needed for the proper, careful, and responsible use of all the personal supports established for occupational safety, and of all the auxiliary equipment.

Each worker, or at least the team-leading coordinator / party charged with a personnel structure performing the move, must be equipped with a well-stocked tool box. The box must contain all the tools needed to disassemble and reassemble the furniture as needed. The moving worker is also equipped with belts and straps to be used both as holding elements for handling heavy and voluminous pieces, and to harness them for hoisting using special equipment. During the move, use is also made of hand trucks and four-wheel dollies. The mover might also be equipped with a strapping machine and other miscellaneous tools and utensils. In this regard as well, personnel, during training, is provided with all the necessary instructions for their proper operative use, also from the standpoint of safety.

The mover’s most usual packing material consists of cardboard boxes. The move uses cardboard boxes of various kinds, differentiated in shape and size, for the specific content chosen (books, linen, clothing, fragile objects, etc.).

The boxes must have a consistency sufficient to adequately protect the content, but also to allow them to be stacked in operations of handling, loading, and stowage on the trucks or in the containers used for shipment.

Another material indispensible to protect the material to be moved is bubble wrap. A good packer’s user of this material is an exercise in professionalism, skill, and the sensitivities of a craftsman.

Recently, six more materials in sheets, whose use may be liked to bubble wrap, have been offered on the market.

Also used are adhesive tapes and labels, and rolls of thin plastic wrap. In special cases, use may also be made of expanded foam, “peanuts,” and other types of plastic connective materials in styrofoam or resins of various kinds.

With regard to the packing operations, the personnel is equipped with simple yet highly effective supports for safety and accident prevention, such as protective gloves, safety cutting equipment, and equipment to hoist and transfer loads.

“Heavy” equipment.

Moving trucks require a special arrangement. A panel truck is usually employed, it exploits as fully as possible the volumes that may be obtained for the vehicle category (the weight capacity is usually not critical for the transport of furniture and personal effects).

The walls must be appropriately cushioned; the loading surface must have a lining that reconciles the needs of keeping the load from slipping, low abrasiveness, and sufficient ability to slide for easy stowage.

Moving also makes use of elevating platforms and, in some particular cases, special equipment is also employed, such as truck/cranes, sideshifters, and motorized climbers.

Other modules, for the transport and shipment of the materials to be transported, are the wooden cages, crates, and pallets, and the large metal containers. Air transport often uses pallets and special aluminium containers called igloos.

Industrial moving entails the same modes of organization and operation set out above, also introducing some specific problems.

In moving the

• work stations,
• technical equipment,
• files, and warehouses of a productive or commercial body,

there are furnishings of various kinds,

• electronic apparatus,
• data processing centres with their UPS units and environmental air conditioners, safes,
• armoured and fireproof lockers,
• equipped walls, etc.

It is particularly important and critical to recognize and verify timing and to streamline the transfer.

Special attention is demanded by the always problematic timing of the transfer, conditioned by cycles of operation of the body to be transferred, which often differ by function: executive offices, personnel, accounting, and commercial offices, and so on, are particularly demanding:

• the transfer of data processing centres and of such heavy pieces as safes,
• armoured and fireproof lockers,
• server cabinets,
• UPS units,
• air conditioning equipment,

the tracing of paths for these pieces to transit, as regards crossing from floor to floor and especially floating floors;

assessment and precise modulation of the flows of materials with regard to the use of freight elevators, any outside hoisters, in compliance with businesses’ functional, organizational, and procedural needs; phasing, with the transfer of utilities (phone, telematic networks, power, water), with

• deactivation,
• disconnection,
• new cabling,
• reconnection,
• and reactivation of information technology systems, and with the other functional operations in a move;

the emptying, disassembly, transfer, and repositioning of files, also with regard to the capacity of the floors, the safe circulation of employees, and the safety of the anchoring, the fire load, etc.;

insurance coverage specific for every kind of material to be used and with regard also to civil liability regarding persons, plants, things, and real estate structures involved in the move.

Just one example: in the case of moving the offices of a daily newspaper, some phases may be organized in accordance with a general rationale, but as for transferring the newsroom, which normally works on a continuous cycle, it is necessary to literally slip the seats out from under the journalists and to slip them quickly back beneath the same journalists who have quickly moved to their new location, and also to coordinate the movement of all the equipment that constitutes the now organic extensions of the body that technology is for information professionals.

As already considered above, in industrial moving the problems related to preparing, handling, loading, transporting, and unloading the materials to be transferred are particularly critical, both in operational terms and from the standpoint of safety.

As early as the on-the-spot inspection phase, all responsibility and attention must be dedicated to reconnoitring the locations to be worked in.

In particular, it is necessary to ascertain the capacities of the floors and stairways, and the characteristics of the flooring; the structural data, type approvals, validity of verifications and checks, and the capacity of lifts and freight elevators; the exterior safety of buildings in the event of use of elevating platforms, of mechanical arms, or of cranes for the exterior handling of certain loads.

All the safety-related documentation of respective responsibility must be shared between the customer and the performer of the service. The operator must produce an operative safety plan, and the customer must issue a document for the evaluation of interference risks) (documento unico per la valutazione rischi da interferenze – DUVRI).

When an industrial-type move is begun, each action must already have been suitably foreseen, prepared, and planned.

Also of great importance during performance of the works are the continuous and specific checks needed to prevent accidents trivial in their causes, but highly dangerous in their possible consequences.

One example: in offices the tendency is to place broken or out-of-use objects above wardrobes. If personnel, after boxing the documentation, were to incline a wardrobe for handling without having inspected the top of it, at times he or she would see everything rain down.

Particularly insidious are heavy metal objects and pieces of glass or broken mirrors, placed up on top of the wardrobes and then forgotten. The upper part of furniture must always be checked.

Another assiduous check is to be reserved for electrical cables. During a company’s life, machinery and equipment, with their electrical ducts, have often been moved.

At times, non-neutralized sockets and still-live exposed cables present a seriuos danger. The moving of data processing centres poses problems of deactivating and securing the individual elements, dismantling and moving along paths that entail crossing floating floors or floors with reduced capacity, even if, in recent times, it has been increasingly rare to encounter voluminous and heavy systems, as the use of compact, modular servers has spread.

Transfers of data processing centres are often correlated with operations to move fireproof cabinets and machinery for air conditioning, climate control, and power supply continuity systems.

The transfer of heavy pieces must always be done with the aid of special equipment and apparatus. The aspect of competence and safety is of primary importance. The reconnaissance, technical survey, and safety assessment of the settings of placement, at the origin and at the destination, and of the handling paths, and the procedures for the proper use of equipment, are aspects of the utmost importance.

Careful consideration from the standpoint of safety is to be devoted to lighting and general air conditioning systems, and to fire-fighting equipment.

These systems are hardly ever the object of moving (except for air conditioners and mobile extinguishers), but they are to be regarded as elements of the environment in which the moving personnel is to work.

Similar regard is reserved for moving complex and modular cabinets, to accessorized walls, and to mobile divider panelling. The movement of files, often consisting of large shelves, and of sliding and compactable cabinets (the movement of the structural part seen to by the suppliers), are an issue of attention for safety, with regard to handling the equilibria, the capacity of the floors, and the fire load.

The moving service, which is not delivered by any public body, even if it is done by private enterprises in favour of natural or legal persons that are dealing with an important and problematic episode in their existence, may be defined as a service of social interest and of public utility.

The critical areas of moving should be considered within this framework.

There should thus be throughout Italy a regulation for the occupation of public land – easily negotiated and not burdensome – specific for moving services, in order to facilitate the moving enterprises’ work, but also and above all to the benefit of citizens.

It would also be desirable that these same services, rendered in the majority of cases for families that are moving or renovating, be made equal to other services, such as building renovation for example – and that they enjoy the same facilities: reduced V.A.T. and deductibility of the invoiced expense from the income declaration.

It bears specifying that the main figure in the move is the customer, the legal or physical person that must – or decides to – move its assets from one place to another, and that must solve all the related logistical and regulatory problems.

The customer must deal with all the expenses related to all phases of the move, modulating its direct intervention by entrusting to the mover, with a specific contract and related mandate, certain services, for which it must at any rate sustain all the charges and, at least in part, the liabilities.

More precisely, at the start, all the works and all the liabilities are borne by the customer; the charges are totally and by necessity borne by the customer for the entire performance and the entire duration of the mandate, and of the related services; the liabilities may be partially or totally transferred to the mover for certain operative segments.

The customer, holding the mover harmless of any liability related or consequent to its interventions, takes part in preparing the material to be moved at the origin, and in its arrangement at the destination; it must  see to the required bureaucracy, providing all the documentation with regard to changes in civil registration, to the possession and legal and regulatory status of the goods to be moved (especially as regards vehicles, cultural assets, etc.);

it must see to preparing the required statements referring to alcoholic beverages, seeds, certain foods, and other articles subject to restrictions and embargoes in certain countries, also as regards safety.

It is lastly important to consider that in the move, the sender and the receiver of the transferred goods is the same person. Services not included.

As already stated, the mover adhering to this Code of conduct adopts and applies the model moving Contracts published by Unioncamere, which detail the services included and those not included.

For convenience, the following are the services, interventions, and objects that are not included:

• interventions on electrical, plumbing, and air conditioning systems;
• the reassembly of panels, shelves, drapery, wall accessories, light fixtures, appliques, antennas, objects definable as hazardous goods, etc.;
• the filling of furniture with their content upon delivery,
• any other intervention that has not been explicitly agreed upon.

Not included are interventions regarding works to modify or adapt furnishings, and any intervention of masonry or of anchoring furnishing elements or accessories to the wall.

Any of the services listed above may be provided for and negotiated with written agreements to be supplemented to the model moving Contracts published by Unioncamere.

For international moving, not included are the expenses related to any customs or port costs for holding, detention of the container, warehousing, taxes, duties, and extra port expenses, inspection and verification expenses in customs matters or with regard to safety regulations. The following are also to be considered objects always excluded from the moving service, in accordance with national and international standards:

• Important and non-reproducible documents; cash and other securities; collectible objects.
• Perishable foods; liquids contained in unbreakable containers; drugs, spices, seeds, plants (including dried plants); foodstuffs of every kind that may be subject to prohibitions in the countries of origin, of destination, or of transit.
• Books, publications, works, or reproductions, sound and multimedia in general, whose content is prohibited in the countries of origin, of destination, or of transit.
• Machines, spare parts, accessories, and materials for construction or maintenance.
• Untreated wood and rough lumber.
• All materials to be considered hazardous, such as solid or liquid fuels, corrosive liquids, explosives, inflammable solid materials, gas, compressed gas, matches of all types and lengths, petrol, diesel fuel, kerosene, propane, containers for propane or other gases, even if empty, motor oil, antifreeze, lamp oil, containers for paint or chemical colouring agents even if empty, fertilizers, acids, bleach, and other chemical substances not precisely classified as harmless, accumulators and batteries of all kinds, etc.
• All objects classified as weapons and their ammunition are excluded, including knives which cannot be defined as work or utility tools.

he deposit service for a moving service requires signing a specific deposit Contract. The deposit of moved goods involves operations of arranging these goods in the deposit, unloading from the truck, handling, and arrangement in warehouse of wood or metal containers of various sizes, or in fenced-off areas or in boxes built into the masonry. Also to be provided for and taken into consideration is insurance of the goods held on deposit, usually referring to risks of natural disaster, fire, and theft. If the owner of the goods takes out independent coverage of its own, the mover, for its precaution, must ensure that the recourse clause is deactivated.

This Code of conduct lastly makes reference to the validity, for the purpose of carrying out a moving service, of the General Conditions of Shipments, the List of objects excluded from the moving service indicated above, and UNI EN 12522-1 and UNI EN 12522-2 regulations. Of the two UNI regulations, this Code of Conduct intends to supplement the clear gaps of definition and description as regards the relevance, validity, and form of the model Contracts to which to refer, the ambiguity and the imprecise delimitation of the admissibility of the contract procedure, and the total absence of the necessary references to the rules for accessing the profession.